Clinicopathological analysis of 105 patients with fibrous dysplasia of cranio-maxillofacial region / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of the different types of fibrous dysplasia (FD) of cranio-maxillofacial region, so as to provide a new reference for clinicians to treat these patients and make prognostic judgement.@*METHODS@#Clinical records, radiographic data and pathological information of 105 patients diagnosed with FD or McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) at the Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology from January 2013 to December 2020 were collected. The patients were divided into 4 groups: monostotic FDs, polyostotic FDs, MAS and a specific type called craniofacial fibrous dysplasia (CFD) limited in the craniofacial region. The clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and follow-up data of each type were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Of all the 105 patients, 46 were males and 59 were females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1 ∶1.3. The onset age ranged from 0 to 56 years and the median age was 12 years. On the basis of different involvement conditions, 4 types were divided. The most common type was monostotic FDs (43 cases, 40.95%), including maxilla (29 cases), mandibular (12 cases) and zygoma (2 cases). 32 cases (30.48%) were diagnosed with polyostotic FDs, 7 cases (6.67%) were MAS, and 23 cases (21.90%) were CFDs confirmed by computed tomography (CT) analysis. CFD was clearly distinct from other types of FD, such as the patient gender and the serum alkaline phosphatase level in peripheral blood before operative surgery. The pathologic findings of various types FD were quite similar, whilst the predominant fibrous tissue hyperplasia could be observed in polyostotic FDs and MAS types.@*CONCLUSION@#The clinicopathologic features of FD in the cranio-maxillofacial region are different from the FD lesions in other parts of the body. The clinicopathological features of CFD are significantly different from those of monostotic and polyostotic FDs in the cranio-maxillofacial region. Therefore, the clinicians should pay attention to distinguish CFD in clinic, imaging and pathology aspects, so as to further clarify its features in clinic management and prognosis.

Detection of SMO gene mutations in odontogenic keratocyst / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective: To detect the SMO mutations in odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and to explore the mechanism behind. Methods: Patients with OKC who received treatment in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology,Peking University, from September 2012 to June 2017 were enrolled. OKC samples from 10 patients diagnosed as naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS)-related OKC (4 females and 6 males) and 20 patients diagnosed as sporadic OKC (7 females and 13 males) were collected. Genomic DNAs were extracted from fibrous capsules and epithelial lining respectively. SMO mutations were detected and analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Results: Three SMO mutations were found in one NBCCS-associated OKC who carrying c.2081C>G (p.P694R) mutation) and two sporadic OKC who carrying c.907C>T (p.L303F) mutation and c.1247_1248delinsAA (p.G416E), respectively), among which the first two mutations were novel mutations that had not been reported before. Besides, two mutations in sporadic OKC were not paired with PTCH1 mutations. Conclusions: In addition to PTCH1 gene mutations, SMO gene mutations also exist in OKC which might be related to the development of OKC.

Clinicopathological analysis of 844 cases of odontogenic keratocysts / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors in odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), and to provide new reference for clinic treatment and management of these patients.@*METHODS@#Clinicopathological data of 844 cases initially diagnosed as or associated with OKC at Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology from 2000 to 2018 were collected. The cases were divided into 4 groups: sporadic OKCs (intraosseous, cystic lesion irrelevant to nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome), syndromic OKCs, solid OKCs and peripheral OKCs. The patients were follow-up for 6 to 216 months and the factors that might relate to recurrence were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#There were 805 cases (95.4%) of sporadic OKCs, 32 cases (3.8%) of syndromic OKCs, 3 cases of solid OKCs and 4 cases of peripheral OKCs. The main age of sporadic OKCs was 36.03 years with the peak at the second and third decades. Ratio of male and female was 1.27:1. The predilection site was the molar and ramus area of mandibular (56.2%). In the study, 428 cases (71.2%) were unilocular in radiography while 28.8% were multilocular. The recurrent rate of enucleation with the follow-up was 20.1% (118/588) while most of them occurred in 1-3 years after surgery. The recurrent rate of multilocular patients (39.0%) was significantly higher than that of the unilocular. Enucleation after marsupialization (43 cases) or enucleation only (545 cases) showed no difference in recurrence (P>0.05). The syndromic OKCs was younger (main 20.97) and preferred to be multiple compared with sporadic OKCs (30/32, 93.7%). The predilection site was also molar and ramus area of mandibular (41.7%). Age and gender distribution of multiple cases had no significant difference with those in sporadic OKCs. More daughter cysts and epithelial islands were seen (56.3% and 17.9%). Furthermore, the recurrent rate was significantly higher than that of the sporadic OKCs (13/29, 44.9%). But there was no evidence of recurrent-related factors. The age of solid and peripheral OKCs, averaged at 45.00 and 65.75 years, were older than others. Four of peripheral OKCs showed no recurrence after enucleation.@*CONCLUSION@#The recurrence rate of sporadic OKCs after enucleation is 20.1%. The multilocular lesions prefer to be recurrent. There is no significant difference of recurrence with enucleation only or enucleation after marsupialization. Compared with sporadic OKCs, the syndromic patients are younger and easier to be multiple. It tends to be recurrent frequently and rapidly. There are no related factors about recurrence of syndromic patients. The clinicians should considerate comprehensively and make an individual management of therapy and follow-up. Solid and peripheral OKCs are rare and older.

Emodin ameliorates the peritoneal dialysis-related peritoneal fibrosis via inhibiting the activation of Notch pathway / 生理学报

Long term peritoneal dialysis (PD) is often associated with peritoneal fibrosis. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of emodin on PD-related peritoneal fibrosis and its related cellular and molecular mechanism. PD-related peritoneal fibrosis rats and cultured rat peritoneal mesothelial cells were recruited in the experiment. PD-related peritoneal fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lactate-buffered solution containing 4.25% glucose. The peritoneal equilibrium test (PET) was performed at the end of 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks, respectively. HE staining and Masson staining were used for histopathological evaluation. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the plasma N-terminal procollagen III propeptide (PIIINP) level. Real-time PCR technique was used to detect the mRNA levels of Notch1, Jagged-1, and Hes-1 in peritoneal tissue. Western blot was applied to identify the protein levels of Notch1, Jagged-1, Hes-1, and Notch intracellular domain (NICD). In vitro, Notch1 overexpressing or knockdown rat peritoneal mesothelial cells were established and Western blot was used to examine the effect of emodin on the expressions of Hes-1 and Hey. Compared with the control group, HE staining revealed that PD rats suffered from decreasing in mesothelial cells, or detaching from surface of parietal peritoneum, accompanied by infiltration of inflammatory cells; Masson staining result showed thickened peritonea (P < 0.01), and the collagen deposition in the parietal peritoneum was increased; also, PIIINP level in plasma was elevated (P < 0.01). Treatment of the PD rats with emodin increased mesothelial cells in peritoneal tissue, and decreased the peritoneal thickness (P < 0.01), collagen depositions, as well as the plasma PIIINP level (P < 0.05). The expressions of Notch1, Jagged-1, Hes-1 and NICD in peritoneal tissue were also attenuated (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In cultured rat peritoneal mesothelial cells, compared with emodin group, emodin further inhibited the expressions of Hes-1 and Hey induced by Notch1-overexpression (P < 0.05), but not the expressions of Hes-1 and Hey induced by Notch1-knockdown (P > 0.05). Therefore, the activation of Notch pathway may be involved in the pathological process of PD-induced peritoneal fibrosis. Emodin may ameliorate the PD-related peritoneal fibrosis through inhibiting the activation of Notch pathway.

Identification of the involvement of LOXL4 in generation of keratocystic odontogenic tumors by RNA-Seq analysis / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

Keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOT) are benign, locally aggressive intraosseous tumors of odontogenic origin. KCOT have a higher stromal microvessel density (MVD) than dentigerous cysts (DC) and normal oral mucosa. To identify genes in the stroma of KCOT involved in tumor development and progression, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed using samples from KCOT and primary stromal fibroblasts isolated from gingival tissues. Seven candidate genes that possess a function potentially related to KCOT progression were selected and their expression levels were confirmed by quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of lysyl oxidase-like 4 (LOXL4), the only candidate gene that encodes a secreted protein, was enhanced at both the mRNA and protein levels in KCOT stromal tissues and primary KCOT stromal fibroblasts compared to control tissues and primary fibroblasts (P<0.05). In vitro, high expression of LOXL4 could enhance proliferation and migration of the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). There was a significant, positive correlation between LOXL4 protein expression and MVD in stroma of KCOT and control tissues (r=0.882). These data suggest that abnormal expression of LOXL4 of KCOT may enhance angiogenesis in KCOT, which may help to promote the locally aggressive biological behavior of KCOT.

COX-2, MMP-7 expression in oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVE@#To observe cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in normal oral mucosa (NOM), oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and explore its significance in the incidence of oral cancer.@*METHODS@#The immunohistochemical method and RT-PCR method were applied to detect the expression of COX-2 and MMP-7 in 10 cases with NOM, 33 cases of with OLP and 38 cases with OSCC.@*RESULTS@#The expression of COX-2 mRNA in OSCC tissues (68.4%, 26/38) was significantly higher than in the OLP (24.2%, 8/33) and NOM (0.0%, 0/10) (P<0.01). The expression of MMP-7 mRNA in OSCC tissues (65.8%, 25/38) was significantly higher than in the OLP (30.3%, 10/33) and NOM (0.0%, 0/10) (P<0.01). The expression of MMP-7 in OLP was significantly higher than in the NOM (P<0.05). There was no significant expression of COX-2 protein in NOM, and the positive rate was 42.4% (14/33) and 89.5% (34/38) in OLP and OSCC group, respectively. The COX-2 expression in cancer tissues was significantly higher than in NOM and OLP (P<0.05). The MMP-7 protein expression in cancer tissues (84.2%, 32/38) was significantly higher than in NOM (10.0%, 1/10) and in OLP (42.4%, 14/33), and the positive rate in OLP was significantly higher than in NOM (P< 0.01). The COX-2 expression was associated with clinical stage (P<0.05), the MMP-7 expression was associated with clinical stage and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The expressions of COX-2 and MMP-7 mRNA were positively correlated with OSCC.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The abnormal expressions of COX-2 and MMP-7 are closely related to the biological behavior of OSCC, the MMP-7 may be induced by COX-2, and further lead to the invasion and metastasis of OSCC.

Effects of several factors on cell growth and ginsenoside accumulation of Panax ginseng suspension culture / 中国中药杂志

To improve cell suspension culture system of Panax ginseng, the dynamic of cell growth and medium consumption were studied, and the effects of filter on the culture vessel, revolution number, and inoculation density on cell growth and ginsenoside accumulation were also investigated. The maximum cell growth and ginsenoside accumulation was found on the 20th days of suspension culture, therefore, 20 days were confirmed as a suitable culture period for mass production of ginsenoside. Cell growth and ginsenoside content were promoted when the culture vessel had a ventilated filter. Revolution speed during suspension culture affected cell growth, but not ginsenoside content, a peak of ginsenoside productivity was found in the treatment of 120 r x min(-1). Inoculation density also influenced cell growth and ginsenoside accumulation, inoculation density of 6 g was better than other inoculation densities, the ginsenoside content and productivity were up to 12.8 mg x g(-1) DW and 146.6 mg x L(-1), respectively.

Effects of acid and alkali stress on ginsenoside content and histochemical localization of ginsenoside in adventitious root of Panax ginseng / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the effect of acid and alkali stress on ginsenoside content of Panax ginseng, adventitious roots culture in bioreactors were incubated for 30 d and pH value was adjusted. Ginsenoside content increased by reducing or raising the pH in culture medium, the muxium ginsenoside content was determined on the 5th days after acid treatment and on the 7th days after alkali treatment. The result of histochemical localization of ginsenoside revealed that the red color from light to dark were found in the adventitious root tissue, and ginsenoside mainly located in the pericycle cells where appeared the dark red color.

Cultivation of protocorms of Dendrobium candidum in air-lift bioreactors / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the factors affecting the growth of protocorms of Dendrobium candidum and substance synthesis in a reactor, in order to provide a new method for mass production of raw materials of D. candidum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Protocorms in vitro were used as experimental materials to study the effect of inoculum volume, light intensity and air volume on the growth of protocorms of D. candidum and the accumulation of polysaccharide and dendrobine in a 3 L-air lift balloon type bioreactor.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>After 30 days of cultivation in a bioreactor, protocorms became dark green and grew well at the inoculum volume of 10 g x L(-1). The polysaccharide content in protocorms showed no difference at various inoculum volumes; whereas the dendrobine content showed differences (with the highest treatment at the inoculum volume of 10 g x L(-1)), particularly the productions of polysaccharide and alkaloid reached the maximum at the inoculum volume of 10 g x L(-1). The condition of 1 600 lx of light intensity was the most favorable for the growth of protocorms. Though light played a role of improving the accumulation of polysaccharide in protocorms of D. candidum, it could inhibit the accumulation of dendrobine. Polysaccharide content and production were better under light conditions of 1 600 and 2 400 lx than dark conditions. Despite the maximum dendrobine content in dark conditions, the dendrobine production showed the maximum in the light condition of 1 600 lx due to poor growth of protocorms. Protocorms grew well and became dark green at the air volume of 0.2 vvm (air volume culture volume per minute) , which was better than at 0.1 and 0.3, with maximum polysaccharide and dendrobine contents and productions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In a 3 L-air lift balloon type bioreactor with a working volume of 2 L, the conditions of 10 inoculum volume, 1 600 lx light intensity and 0.2 air volume were favorable for the growth of protocorms and the production of dendrobine. This demonstrates that the cultivation of D. candidum and substance synthesis in a reactor is an effectie approach for mass production of polysaccharide and dendrobine.</p>

Preliminary study on cultivation of adventitious roots of Hypericum perforatum in bioreactors / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To cultivate adventitious roots of Hypericum perforatum in bioreactors, in order to seek for suitable conditions for adventitious growth.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The effect of IBA concentration, sugar type and concentration, inoculum volume and air volume of adventitious roots on the cultivation of adventitious roots of H. perforatum was observed in a 5 L air-lift bioreactor.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Adventitious roots of H. perforatum were cultivated in a MS culture dish. With the increase of IBA concentration, the propagation coefficient of adventitious roots of H. perforatum was on the rise. The IBA concentration ranging between 1.25-1.75 mg x L(-1) was suitable for the growth of adventitious roots. Adventitious roots grew best with sucrose in MS medium, with the propagation coefficient up to 22.15. When sucrose concentration was 30 g x L(-1), fresh weight, dry weight and propagation coefficient reached the maximum value. An adventitious root reactor with an inoculum volume of 20 g was favorable for the growth of adventitious roots. The air volume of reactors of 0.075 vvm (air volume/culture volume per minute) was favorable for the growth of adventitious roots, with the significant increase in the propagation coefficient of adventitious roots. In the amplification experiment, we found that the cultivation conditions of adventitious roots in a 5 L bioreactor was completely applicable to that in 10 and 20 L bioreactors, and adventitious roots grew well in a large bioreactor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IBA concentration, sugar type and concentration, inoculum volume and air volume had a significant effect on the growth of adventitious roots.</p>

The situation of stomatological basic research supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China in the past decade / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To review the situation of stomatological research projects supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and to analyze the status of stomatological research and obtained achievements in the past decade.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The internet-based science information system of NSFC together with Yearbook of Chinese Stomatology was served as the basis of data collection. All of the data were arranged and analyzed by Excel.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 866 projects and 234.4054 billion Yuan were supported by NSFC during the past decade, and they were increasing continuously. The average supportive strength of each single project was also enhanced. The percentage of projects supported by the NSFC for young scientists accounted for the biggest proportion. The approved projects of stomatology were covering an increasingly wide area of the subjects. The projects number of different areas kept growing, and further investigations were done in these projects. The areas number were from 10 increasing to 26.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>With the support of NSFC, great progress has been made in stomatology, and the interdisciplinary research between stomatology and other disciplines is more active.</p>

Association of tag SNPs of GPx-3 with essential hypertension in rural Han Chinese in Fuxin, Liaoning, China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Genetic mechanisms contribute to blood pressure regulation. This study investigated whether glutathione peroxidase (GPx-3) tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with hypertension in the rural areas of Fuxin county, Liaoning province, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Indigenous Fuxin Han people participated, 523 unrelated hypertensives and 547 controls were recruited. All tag SNPs of GPx-3 gene were selected. We estimated SNP allele frequency in DNA pools with pyrosequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Before Bonferroni correction, C allele frequency for rs8177417 was significantly higher in hypertensives than those in controls (23.4% vs. 19.3%, P = 0.014); T allele frequency for rs3828599 was significantly lower in hypertensives than those in controls (35.6% vs. 40.8%, P = 0.009). However, when a Bonferroni correction for multiple testing was applied, only the polymorphisms rs3828599 of GPx-3 gene was associated with hypertension (P = 0.045, OR: 0.833, 95%CI: 0.695 - 0.998).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The polymorphism of rs3828599 of GPx-3 gene might be associated with hypertension in rural Han Chinese from Fuxin, Liaoning.</p>

Identification of known and novel PTCH mutations in both syndromic and non-syndromic keratocystic odontogenic tumors / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

<p><b>AIM</b>To clarify the role of PTCH in patients with NBCCS-related and non-sydromic keratocystic odontogenic tumors.</p><p><b>METHODOLOGY</b>Mutation analysis was undertaken in 8 sporadic and 4 NBCCS-associated KCOTs.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Four novel and two known mutations were identified in 2 sporadic and 3 syndromic cases, two of which being germline mutations (c.2179delT, c.2824delC) and 4 somatic mutations (c.3162dupG, c.1362-1374dup, c.1012 C>T, c.403C>T).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our findings suggest that defects of PTCH are associated with the pathogenesis of syndromic as well as a subset of non-syndromic KCOTs.</p>

Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on expressions of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-10 in U937 foam cells / 药学学报

This study is to investigate the protein and mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in U937 foam cells and effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) on the cytokines. U937 cells were cultured with different concentrations of GbE (0.1, 1, and 10 microg x L(-1)), and stimulated by 100 mg x L(-1) oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) for 24 h. The expressions of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in culture solution were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that incubated with 100 mg x L(-1) ox-LDL for 24 h, the U937 cells became foam cells, the protein or mRNA expressions of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-10, and its receptor IL-10R in U937 foam cells were higher markedly than those in normal U937 cells. When the cells were pretreated with GbE (0.1, 1, and 10 microg x L(-1)), the increases of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in U937 foam cells were remarkably inhibited, but IL-10 expression increased greatly. Especially when cells were pretreated with 10 microg x L(-1) GbE, the protein and mRNA expressions of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha were markedly lower than those in U937 foam cells. The protein expression of IL-10 and mRNA expressions of IL-10 and its receptor IL-10R were markedly higher than those in U937 foam cells. GbE inhibited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, but up-regulated the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and its receptor IL-10R in U937 foam cells, which might be related with its anti-atherosclerotic actions.

PTCH gene mutations in odontogenic keratocysts / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the frequency, type and distribution of PTCH mutations in odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) and to analyze the molecular pathological relationship between sporadic OKC and OKC associated with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Genomic DNA was extracted from 8 cases of OKC lesions (4 sporadic OKCs and 4 NBCCS-related OKCs). PTCH gene mutations were detected by PCR-direct sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six novel PTCH mutations were identified in 6 out of 8 cases (2 sporadic and 4 NBCCS-related OKCs). Two of these were missense mutations leading to substitution of an amino acid residue respectively. The other 4 mutations were identified as insertion or deletion ranging from one single base to 7 bases, three of which caused frame-shift leading to premature truncation of PTCH protein and one resulted in an insertion of 2 amino acid residues. All these identified mutations were novel and have not been previously described.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PTCH gene mutation is a common event in NBCCS-related OKCs and could also be detected in some sporadic OKCs. Abnormalities of PTCH gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of OKC.</p>

Mutation and polymorphism of the ameloblastin gene in ameloblastomas / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the presence of mutation or polymorphism of ameloblastin (AMBN) gene in ameloblastomas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Genomic DNA was extracted from frozen tissues of 10 ameloblastomas and one malignant ameloblastoma. AMBN gene alterations were detected by PCR-direct sequencing. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was used to further determine the nature of the changes in AMBN detected in tumor samples in comparison to 100 control samples.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>AMBN mutation was not identified in all 11 tumor samples. The 7 types of AMBN gene alteration identified in 9 cases were proven to be polymorphisms, three of which were not previously reported. The frequency of genotype and allele of the three SNPs complied with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Neither genotype nor allele frequency showed a significant association with ameloblastoms.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>AMBN gene mutation is not identified in the present group of ameloblastomas. The frequently detected AMBN alterations in ameloblastomas are polymorphisms, which appear to be unrelated to the occurrence of ameloblastomas.</p>

Detection of PTCH gene mutations in odontogenic keratocysts by SSCP and DNA sequencing / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate PTCH gene mutations in odontogenic keratocysts (OKC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing were used to analyze the PTCH gene mutations in 12 OKCs, including 10 sporadic and 2 nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) associated OKC.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Four mutations were identified in 4 cysts, among which two germline mutations were associated with NBCCS and 2 somatic mutations were in 2 unrelated sporadic cases. In addition, eight previously reported polymorphisms in the PTCH gene were also found in 10 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The present study indicated that both sporadic and NBCCS-related OKCs could carry PTCH gene mutation. Thus, mutational inactivation of PTCH gene may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of OKC.</p>

In vitro study on bone resorption of odontogenic cysts and ameloblastomas / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of bone resorption by odontogenic cysts and ameloblastomas in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fragments of odontogenic cysts (14 odontogenic keratocysts, 6 inflamed odontogenic keratocysts, 5 dentigerous cysts) and ameloblastomas (n = 7) were incubated in vitro for 24 h. The supernatant was then removed into the culture system of SD rat calvaria. After incubation (48 h), the calcium contents of the media were measured by atom spectrophotometer. The supernatant of odontogenic cysts and ameloblastomas was measured for the bone resorption related factors such as IL-6, TNF-alpha, PGE(2), bone Gla-containing protein (BGP) and calcitonin (CT) by a radioimmunoassay system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The calcium released in the calvaria culture media by all the odontogenic lesions was significantly higher than that in the blank controls (P < 0.01). The inflamed odontogenic keratocyst group had a significantly higher calcium concentration than odontogenic keratocyst and ameloblastoma groups (P < 0.05). In addition, the concentration of IL-6, TNF-alpha, PGE(2) and CT in the culture media of all odontogenic lesions were significantly higher than that of the blank controls (P < 0.05). IL-6 concentration in the inflamed and non-inflamed odontogenic keratocyst groups were significantly higher than that of ameloblastoma group (P < 0.05). CT concentration in the inflamed odontogenic keratocyst was significantly higher than those of odontogenic keratocyst and dentigerous cyst groups (P < 0.05). Correlation and regression analysis showed that IL-6 was significantly correlated with the calcium content (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The odontogenic lesions could promote bone resorption in vitro and it is likely to be related to some of the cytokines secreted by the lesions.</p>

Expression of VEGF in endothelial cells and the effects of 2, 3, 5, 4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To determine the effect of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human umbilical veins endothelial cell line (ECV304) and the inhibitory effect of 2, 3, 5, 4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside (ST I) in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Exposure to 2.5 mg x L(-1) LPC or LPC + ST I for 24 hours, VEGF protein was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Meanwhile, VEGF mRNA expression in ECV304 was examined by in situ hybridization. VEGF165 mRNA was examined by RT-PCR and Realtime RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LPC upregulated VEGF protein and VEGF mRNA expression in the ECV304 cells. ST I was shown to markedly inhibit the LPC-induced increase of VEGF protein and VEGF165 mRNA (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LPC can induce a strong expression of VEGF in ECV304 cells and ST I can inhibit it.</p>

DNA microarray analysis of protective mechanism of buyang huanwu decoction on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyse the effects of buyang huanwu decoction (BYHWT) on differentially expressed genes during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats with DNA microarray.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>cDNA microarray chips containing 512 cDNAs were made by Biostar Genechip Inc. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with an filament. Saline or BYHWT was given p.o. after onset of cerebral ischemia and brains were removed after 24 h of recirculation for mRNAs isolation. A differential measurment of mRNAs from post-ischemic and BYHWT treated animals was performed with microarray.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Up-and down-regulated genes were 69 and 80 in ischemic group. Up-and down-regulated genes were 25 and 6 in BYHWT treated group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BYHWT regulates the differential expression genes after focal brain ischemia/reperfusion in rats, due to its mechanism of protecting cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.</p>